A new path to safer, solid batteries

Sep 05, 2017 00:00 JST

Source: Science and Technology of Advanced Materials

Solid crystals that self-assemble to form channels for an electric current could make safer batteries.

TSUKUBA, Japan, Sep 04, 2017 - (ACN Newswire) - Researchers have identified new solid materials that could lead to the manufacture of non-toxic lithium-ion batteries, according to a study recently published in the journal Science and Technology of Advanced Materials.

When a specific organic compound is added to lithium salt, the molecules self-assemble to form channels through which lithium ions can move, creating an electric current.

Batteries are made of two oppositely charged electrodes separated by a liquid, gel-like, or solid 'electrolyte' medium through which electrically charged atoms, or ions, move. In many cases, these electrolytes are toxic and flammable, so researchers have been looking for non-toxic alternatives.

Makoto Moriya of Shizuoka University in Japan investigated molecular crystals for this purpose. To obtain the crystals he added an organic compound to lithium salt. The molecules self-assembled to form channels through which lithium ions moved, creating an electric current. Changing the crystals' structures affected their ion-conducting functions.

Ion conductivity in these materials was not as high as in organic liquids, inorganic ceramics or glass electrolytes. But it was comparable to polymer electrolytes, which have been targeted as potential solid electrolytes.

Also, the amount of flammable organic substances in the molecular crystalline electrolytes was lower than in polymer electrolytes and in conventional liquid electrolytes, making them a potentially safer alternative.

Moriya found it easy to control the crystal structure of these solid materials by making alterations to their molecules. This structural versatility could prove to be a powerful tool for dramatically improving ion conductivity in these materials.

"These observations... could open the door to the design of new solid electrolytes and thus the development of new molecular devices," Moriya concludes.

Article information:
Makoto Moriya
"Construction of nanostructures for selective lithium ion conduction using self-assembled molecular arrays in supramolecular solids"
Science and Technology of Advanced Materials, 2017; 18:1, 634-643.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/14686996.2017.1366816

For further information please contact:
Makoto Moriya,
Department of Chemistry, Shizuoka University, Japan
moriya.makoto@shizuoka.ac.jp

Journal information
Science and Technology of Advanced Materials (STAM), http://www.tandfonline.com/stam is an international open access journal in materials science. The journal covers a broad spectrum of topics, including synthesis, processing, theoretical analysis and experimental characterization of materials. Emphasis is placed on the interdisciplinary nature of materials science and on issues at the forefront of the field, such as energy and environmental issues, as well as medical and bioengineering applications.

For more information about STAM please contact:
Mikiko Tanifuji
Publishing Director
Science and Technology of Advanced Materials
Tanifuji.Mikiko@nims.go.jp

Press release distributed by ResearchSEA for Science and Technology of Advanced Materials.

Source: Science and Technology of Advanced Materials
Sectors: Electronics, Science & Nanotech